Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa excavator wani nau'i ne na injunan gine-gine da aka yi amfani da su sosai, mai aiki a aikin gine-gine, gine-ginen gada, gina gidaje, kiyaye ruwa na karkara, ci gaban ƙasa da sauran fannoni.Ana iya ganin ta a ko'ina a cikin ginin filayen jiragen sama, tashoshin jiragen ruwa, layin dogo, filayen mai, manyan hanyoyi, ma'adinai, da tafki.
Da yawa masu aikin tona hakowa suna koyon aikin hakowa daga iyayengijinsu.Suna da ƙware sosai a cikin aikin tono, amma ba su da masaniya game da tsarin gaba ɗaya da ƙa'idodin tono.Jerin labaran ilimin, jimillar sassan 5, za su bayyana ainihin ilimin na'urorin hakowa daga bangarorin rarraba excavator, taron chassis, taron na'urar aiki, taron dandamali na sama, ilimin asali na hydraulic, da sauransu daga zurfin zurfi zuwa zurfi.
1. Rarrabe na tono
1. Dangane da hanyar aiki: mai tono guga guda ɗaya da mai tona guga da yawa, mahaɗan na gama gari shine mai tono guga guda ɗaya, manyan ma'adanai kawai suna amfani da bucket-wheel excavator, akwai buckets da yawa, da aikin rotary.
Na kowa shine mai tona guga guda (Carter 320D)
Multi-guga excavator don manyan ma'adinai
2. Dangane da yanayin tuki: Injin konewa na ciki, tukin lantarki, mahaɗar fili (matasan)
Injin konewa na ciki (injin dizal) ne ke tafiyar da shi.
Ma'adinan lantarki felu (harɓan shebur na gaba)
3. Dangane da hanyar tafiya: nau'in crawler da nau'in taya
4. Dangane da na'urar aiki: felu na gaba da farat ɗin baya
2. Gabatarwa ga tsarin tono
Sunayen sassa na tono
Ana iya raba na'urar gaba ɗaya zuwa sassa uku na tsari: taron chassis, taron na'urar aiki, da taron dandamali na sama.
Abun da ke ciki da aikin taron chassis:
1. Taimakawa nauyin ɓangaren sama na excavator.
2. Tushen wuta da mai kunnawa don tafiya da tuƙi.
3. Taimakawa ƙarfin amsawa na na'urar aiki yayin tono.
Babban abubuwan da ke cikin chassis:
1. The ƙananan frame jiki (welding sassa),
2. Ƙafafun huɗu da bel ɗaya ( ƙafafun jagora, ƙafafun tuƙi, masu goyan bayan sprockets, rollers, crawlers).
3. Dozer ruwa da Silinda.
4. Tsakiyar rotary haɗin gwiwa.
5. Zauren titin tsere (slewing bearing).
6. Mai rage tafiye-tafiye da mota.
Fashe ra'ayi na manyan abubuwan haɗin ginin chassis
Tsarin tsari da aiki: Jikin firam (ɓangarorin walda) -- babban jikin duka chassis, ɗauke da duk ƙarfin ciki da na waje da lokuta daban-daban, yanayin aiki yana da tsauri, kuma buƙatun sassan suna da girma.Akwai wasu buƙatu don daidaituwar katako na hagu da dama, in ba haka ba babban ƙarfi na gefe zai faru, wanda ba zai dace da sassan tsarin ba.
4~Tafafu huɗu da bel ɗaya, goyan bayan yanka
Dabarun jagora da na'urar tayar da hankali: Dabarun jagora da
na'urar tayar da hankali: jagorar hanyar motsin waƙa, daidaita ma'aunin tashin hankali na waƙar, da rage juriya.
IDLER da na'urar tashin hankali
Sprockets na masu ɗaukar kaya da waƙa: sprockets masu ɗaukar kaya suna taka rawar goyan bayan waƙar.Rollers suna taka rawar tallafawa nauyi
Nadi mai ɗaukar hoto da rollers
Wannan tsarin tsari ne wanda ba shi da kulawa, ba tare da ƙara maiko ba.
Tsarin sprocket mai goyan baya da ƙafar goyan baya don manyan tonawa ya ɗan bambanta, amma ƙa'idar iri ɗaya ce.
Sprocket : yana tura injin gabaɗaya don tafiya da juyawa
Bi hanyar haɗin yanar gizo Assy
Kisan kai
—-Haɗa mota ta sama da ta ƙasa, ta yadda motar na sama za ta iya zagayawa ta ƙasan motar da ɗaukar jujjuyawar lokaci guda.
Rollers (balls) a cikin zoben orbital suna buƙatar a shafa su akai-akai, kuma akwai nau'i biyu na ƙara man shanu daga gefe da kuma ƙara man shanu daga sama.
Motar balaguro + mai ragewa: samar da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (torque) don fitar da sprocket da bel ɗin crawler, ta yadda mai tono zai iya kammala ayyukan tafiya da tuƙi.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-24-2022
